BOLT 9V4319 - Caterpillar

Grounding Practices
Proper grounding for the machine electrical system and the engine electrical system is necessary for proper machine performance and reliability. Improper grounding will result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and unreliable electrical circuit paths.Uncontrolled engine electrical circuit paths can result in damage to main bearings, crankshaft bearing journal surfaces, and aluminum components.To ensure proper functioning of the machine and engine electrical systems, an engine-to-frame ground strap with a direct path to the negative battery post must be used. This may be provided by way of a starting motor ground, a frame to starting motor ground, or a direct frame to engine ground.An engine-to-frame ground strap must be used in order to connect the grounding stud of the engine to the frame of the vehicle and to the negative battery post.
Illustration 1 g01028488
Typical example
Grounding Stud To Battery Ground ("-")
Illustration 2 g01028479
Typical example
Alternate grounding stud to battery ground ("-")
The engine must have a wire ground to the battery.Ground wires or ground straps should be combined at ground studs that are only for ground use. All of the grounds should be tight and free of corrosion.All of the ground paths must be capable of carrying any likely current faults. An AWG #0 or larger wire is recommended for the grounding strap to the cylinder head.The engine alternator should be battery ground with a wire size that is capable of managing the full charging current of the alternator.
When boost starting an engine, the instructions in Systems Operation, "Engine Starting" should be followed in order to properly start the engine.This engine may be equipped with a 12 volt starting system or a 24 volt starting system. Only equal voltage for boost starting should be used. The use of a higher voltage will damage the electrical system.The Electronic Control Module (ECM) must be disconnected at the "J1/P1" and "J2/P2" locations before welding on the vehicle.
The engine has several input components which are electronic. These components require an operating voltage.Unlike many electronic systems of the past, this engine is tolerant to common external sources of electrical noise. Buzzers that use electrical energy can cause disruptions in the power supply. If buzzers are used anywhere on the machine, the engine electronics should be powered directly from the battery system through a dedicated relay. The engine electronics should not be powered through a common power source with other activities that are related to the keyswitch.Engine Electrical System
The electrical system has the following separate circuits:
Charging
Starting (If equipped)
Accessories with low amperageSome of the electrical system components are used in more than one circuit. The following components are common in more than one circuit:
Battery or batteries
Circuit breakers
Battery cables
AmmeterThe charging circuit is in operation when the engine is running. An alternator makes electricity for the charging circuit. A voltage regulator in the circuit controls the electrical output in order to keep the battery at full charge.