KIT (Valve) 2P3086 - Caterpillar

Pascal's LawA simple formula allows you to determine the Force, the Pressure, and the Area when two of the three are known. Understanding these terms is necessary in order to understand the fundamentals of hydraulics.Force is the push or the pull that acts upon a body. Force is usually expressed in pounds (lbs) or in Newtons (N). Force is equal to the pressure times the area (F = P × A ). Pressure is the force of a fluid per unit area,which is expressed in (psi) or in kilopascal (kPa) .The area is a measurement of surface space. The area is calculated in square inches or in square centimeters. Sometime the surface area is referred to as the effective area. The effective area is the total surface that is used to create a force in the desired direction.The surface area of a circle is calculated with the following formula:
Area = Pi (3.14) times radius squared
If the radius of the circle is 2 inches, see Illustration 4.
A = Pi × R square
A = 3.14 X (2 inch × 2 inch) or A = 3.14 × (5.08 cm × 5.08 cm)
A = 12.5 in2 or A = 81 cm2With the knowledge of the surface area, it is possible to determine how much system pressure it will take in order to lift a given weight. Pressure is the force per unit that is expressed in (psi) or (kPa). If a force of 227 kg (500 lb) is acting upon an area of 81 cm2 (12.5 in2), the pressure created would be 280 kPa (40 psi).The pressure is calculated with the following formula:
Pressure = Force divided by Area
P = 500 lbs/12.5 in2 or P = 227 kg/81 cm2
P = 40 psi. or P = 2.8 kg/cm2 or P = 280 kPaSolving for the large piston in illustration 4 we find:
Pressure × Area = Force
40 × (3 x 3) × 3.14 = Force or 2.8 × (7.62 × 7.62) × 3.14 = Force
40 × 28.26 = 1130 lbs. or 2.8 × 183 = 514 kgMechanical Advantage
Illustration 6 g01060006
Illustration 6 demonstrates how liquid in a hydraulic system provides a mechanical advantage. All cylinders are connected. All of the areas must be filled before the system pressurizes. Use the hydraulic formula and then calculate the items in the question. Cylinders are counted from left to right.When the pressure in the system is calculated, use the two known values of the second cylinder from the left. The formula that is used, pressure equals force divided by area.Pressure = Force/AreaPressure = 50 lbs/1 in2 or Pressure = 22.7 kg/6.45 cm2Pressure = 50 psi or Pressure = 3.50 kg/cm2 or Pressure = 350 kPaWhen you find out the pressure in the system, you can calculate the force of the load for cylinder one and cylinder three, and the piston area for container four.Calculate both cylinders with (?) on weight blocks using the formula, force equals pressure times area (Force = Pressure x Area) .To calculate the cylinder piston area