KIT-SEAL 4511025 - Caterpillar

System Operation
Engine Governor
The ECM governs the engine. The ECM determines the timing, the injection pressure, and the amount of fuel that is delivered to each cylinder. These factors are based on the actual conditions and on the desired conditions at any given time during starting and operation.The governor uses the multi-position throttle switch to determine the desired engine speed. The governor compares the desired engine speed to the actual engine speed. The actual engine speed is determined through interpretation of the signals that are received by the ECM from the engine speed/timing sensors. If the desired engine speed is greater than the actual engine speed, the governor injects more fuel in order to increase engine speed.
Illustration 3 g01860934
Typical exampleTiming Considerations
Once the governor has determined the amount of fuel that is required, the governor must determine the timing of the fuel injection. Fuel injection timing is determined by the ECM after considering input from the following components:
Coolant temperature sensor
Intake manifold air temperature sensor
Intake manifold pressure sensor
Barometric pressure sensorThe ECM adjusts timing for optimum engine performance and for economic fuel usage. Actual timing and desired timing cannot be viewed with the electronic service tool. The ECM determines the location of top center of the number one cylinder from the signals that are provided by the engine speed/timing sensors. The ECM determines when injection should occur relative to the top center position. The ECM then provides the signal to the injector at the desired time.Fuel Injection
The ECM sends a high voltage signal to the injector solenoids in order to energize the solenoids. By controlling the timing and the duration of the high voltage signal, the ECM can control the following aspects of injection:
Injection timing
Fuel deliveryThe flash file inside the ECM establishes certain limits on the amount of fuel that can be injected. The FRC Fuel Limit is a limit that is based on the intake manifold pressure. The FRC Fuel Limit is used to control the air/fuel ratio for control of emissions. When the ECM senses a higher intake manifold pressure, the ECM increases the FRC Fuel Limit. A higher intake manifold pressure indicates that there is more air in the cylinder. When the ECM increases the FRC Fuel Limit, the ECM allows more fuel into the cylinder.The Rated Fuel Limit is a limit that is based on the power rating of the engine and on the engine rpm. The Rated Fuel Limit is like the rack stops and the torque spring on a mechanically governed engine. The Rated Fuel Limit provides the power curves and the torque curves for a specific engine family and a specific engine rating. All of these limits are determined at the factory. These limits cannot be changed. Customer Parameters and Engine Speed Governing
A unique feature with electronic engines is customer specified parameters. These parameters allow the owner of the machine to fine-tune the ECM for engine operation. Fine-tuning the ECM allows the machine owner to accommodate the typical usage of the machine and the power train