MANIFOLD AS-EXHAUST 1390476 - Caterpillar

This engine has a pressure type cooling system that is equipped with a shunt line.A pressure type cooling system offers two advantages:
The cooling system can operate safely at a temperature that is higher than the normal boiling point of water.
The cooling system prevents cavitation in the water pump.Cavitation is the sudden formation of low pressure bubbles in liquids by mechanical forces. The formation of air or steam pockets is more difficult within a pressure type cooling system.The shunt line prevents cavitation by the water pump. The shunt line provides a constant flow of coolant to the water pump.Note: In air-to-air aftercooled systems, a coolant mixture with a minimum of 30 percent ethylene glycol base antifreeze must be used for efficient water pump performance. This mixture keeps the cavitation temperature range of the coolant high enough for efficient performance.
Illustration 1 g00293080
Cooling System Schematic (1) Cylinder head. (2) Water temperature regulator housing. (3) Expansion tank. (4) Shunt line (expansion tank to water pump). (5) Bypass hose. (6) Radiator. (7) Cylinder block. (8) Oil cooler. (9) Water pump.Water pump (9) is located on the right side of the cylinder block. The water pump is driven by a belt that is powered by the crankshaft pulley. Coolant can enter the water pump in three places:
the inlet at the bottom of the water pump
the bypass hose (5) into the top of the water pump
the shunt line (4) into the top of the water pumpCoolant from the bottom of the radiator is pulled into the bottom inlet of the pump by impeller rotation. The coolant exits the back of the pump directly into the oil cooler cavity of the block.All of the coolant passes through the core of the oil cooler and the coolant enters the internal water manifold of the cylinder block. The manifold disperses the coolant to water jackets around the cylinder walls.
Illustration 2 g00424358
Water Lines Group (1) Cylinder head. (2) Water temperature regulator housing. (5) Bypass hose. (9) Water pump. (10) Outlet to radiator. (11) Water temperature regulator. (12) Air vent valve in thermostat.From the cylinder block, the coolant flows into passages in the cylinder head. The passages send the flow around the unit injector sleeves and the inlet and the exhaust passages. The coolant now enters water temperature regulator housing (2) at the front right side of the cylinder head.Water temperature regulator (11) controls the direction of flow. When the coolant temperature is below the normal operating temperature, the water temperature regulator is closed. The coolant is directed through bypass hose (5) and into the top inlet of the water pump. When the coolant temperature reaches the normal operating temperature, water temperature regulator (11) opens. When the water temperature regulator is open, the bypass is closed. Most of the coolant goes through outlet (10) to the radiator for cooling. The remainder flows through bypass hose (5) and