MANIFOLD 4L4311 - Caterpillar

DEF Recommendations
For use in Cat engines, DEF must meet all the requirements defined by "ISO 22241-1" Requirements.Caterpillar recommends the use of DEF available through the Cat parts ordering system for use in Cat engines equipped with SCR systems.In North America, commercial DEF that is API approved and meets all the requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped with SCR systems.Outside of North America, commercial DEF that meets all requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped with SCR systems.The supplier should provide documentation to prove the DEF is compliant with the requirements of "ISO 22241-1".
Cat does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids.
Do not use agriculture grade urea solutions. Do not use any fluids that do not meet "ISO 22241-1" Requirements in SCR emissions reduction systems. Use of these fluids can result in numerous problems including damage to SCR equipment and a reduction in NOx conversion efficiency.
DEF is a solution of solid urea that is dissolved in demineralized water to produce a final concentration of 32.5% urea. DEF concentration of 32.5% is optimal for use in SCR systems. DEF solution of 32.5% urea has the lowest attainable freeze point of −11.5° C (11.3° F). DEF concentrations that are higher or lower than 32.5% have higher freeze points. DEF dosing systems and "ISO 22241-1" specifications are designed for a solution that is approximately 32.5%.Caterpillar offers a refractometer, Cat part number 360-0774, that can be used to measure DEF concentration. Follow the instructions provided with the instrument. Appropriate commercial portable refractometers can be used to determine urea concentration. Follow the instructions from the manufacturer.DEF Guidelines
DEF solution is typically colorless and clear. Changes to color or clarity are indicators of quality issues. Quality of DEF can degrade when stored and handled inappropriately or if DEF is not protected from contamination. Details are provided below.If quality issues are suspected, testing of DEF should focus on urea percentage, alkalinity as NH3 and Biuret content. DEF that does not pass all these tests or that is no longer clear should not be used.Materials compatibility
DEF is corrosive. Due to the corrosion caused, DEF must be stored in tanks constructed of approved materials. Recommended storage materials:Stainless Steels:
304 (S30400)
304L (S30403)
316 (S31600)
316L (S31603)Alloys and metals:
Chromium Nickel (CrNi)
Chromium Nickel Molybdenum (CrNiMo)
TitaniumNon-metallic materials:
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polyisobutylene
Teflon (PFA)
Polyfluoroethylene (PFE)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Materials NOT compatible with DEF solutions include Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Nickel coatings, Silver, and Carbon steel and Solders containing any of the above. Unexpected reactions may occur if DEF solutions come in contact with any non-compatible material or unknown materials.Bulk storage
Follow all local regulations covering bulk storage tanks. Follow proper tank construction guidelines. Tank volume typically should be 110% of planned capacity. Appropriately vent indoor tanks. Plan for control of overflow of the tank. Heat tanks that dispense DEF in cold climates.Bulk tank breathers should be fitted with filtration to keep airborne debris from entering the tank. Desiccant breathers should not be used because water will be absorbed,