PACKING 2K0029 - Caterpillar

Gas, Air Induction, And Exhaust Systems
In addition to components illustrated in the above diagram, some installations have a safety shut-off-valve attachment in the gas supply line. The valve is electrically operated from the ignition system and can also be manually operated to shut off the engine. Manual resetting is required after shutdown to start the engine.Turbocharger
(Engines so Equipped)
The turbocharger is mounted on the exhaust outlet of the engine exhaust manifold. The energy that normally would be lost from the exhaust gases is used to drive the turbocharger.As the engine starts, the flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold is directed through inlet (5) to the turbine wheel (6). The turbine wheel and compressor impeller (1) are mounted on a common shaft. The exhaust gases pass over the turbine wheel forcing it and the impeller to rotate.Incoming air, from the air cleaner, flows through inlet (7) to the center of the impeller. The rotating impeller compresses the air and forces it into the carburetor.The turbocharger bearings are pressure-lubricated by engine oil. The oil enters through port (4) and is directed through passages to lubricate the thrust bearing (3), rings (9 and 11) and the journal bearings (10). Oil leaves the turbocharger through a port in the bottom of the center section and is returned to the engine sump.
TURBOCHARGER
1-Compressor impeller. 2-Compressor housing. 3-Thrust bearing. 4-Lubrication inlet port. 5-Exhaust inlet. 6-Turbine Wheel. 7-Air inlet. 8-Exhaust outlet. 9-Ring. 10-Shaft journal bearings. 11-Ring. 12-Turbine housing.Pressure Differential Regulator
(Engines Equipped With Turbocharger)
The pressure differential regulator mounted on the exhaust manifold extension, serves as an exhaust gas bypass valve. It limits the volume of exhaust gases to the turbine wheel by bypassing a part of the exhaust gases. The exhaust bypass valve is actuated directly by a pressure differential between the atmosphere and turbocharger compressor outlet pressure to the carburetor.One side of the diaphragm in the regulator senses atmospheric pressure through a breather in the top of the regulator. The other side of the diaphragm senses air pressure from the turbocharger compressor outlet side through a control line. When outlet pressure to the carburetor reaches the proper value, the force of the air pressure upon the diaphragm overcomes the force of the spring and atmospheric pressure. This force unseats the bypass valve, allowing exhaust gases to bypass the turbine wheel.The bypass passage is in an external pipe between the exhaust manifold extension and exhaust elbow. Under steady load conditions, the valve will assume a fixed position, allowing just enough exhaust gas to the turbine wheel to maintain the proper air pressure to the carburetor.
PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL REGULATOR (Engines Equipped with Turbocharger)Carburetor
Air enters the carburetor through air horn (3) and fills outer chamber (4). Air enters inner chamber (7) (mixing chamber) by forcing diaphragm (6) away from ring (14). There are two diaphragms, one on each side of the carburetor. Fuel enters the carburetor through fuel inlet (2), past the power mixture adjustment (5) to the center of the carburetor and into fuel outlet tube (9). Fuel