PINION AS 8X7229 - Caterpillar

Oxidation Inhibitor
This is any substance added in small quantities to a petroleum product to increase its oxidation resistance, thereby lengthening its service or storage life; also called anti-oxidant. An oxidation inhibitor may work in one of three ways (1) by combining with and modifying peroxides (compounds high in oxygen) to render them harmless, (2) by decomposing the peroxides, or (3) by rendering an oxidation catalyst (metal or metal-ions) inert; that is, lacking in a chemical reaction. See Oxidation.Oxidation Stability
This is the resistance of a petroleum product to oxidation; hence, a measure of its potential service or storage life. There are a number of ASTM tests to determine the oxidation stability of a lubricant or fuel, all of which are intended to simulate service conditions on an accelerated basis. In general, the test sample is exposed to oxygen or air at an elevated temperature, and sometimes to water or catalysts (usually iron or copper). Depending on the test, results are expressed in terms of the time required to produce a specified effect (such as pressure drop), the amount of sludge or gum produced, or the amount of oxygen consumed during a specified period.Pass-Oil
See Bid Oil.Pour Point
Pour point is the lowest temperature at which an oil or distillate fuel is observed to flow, when cooled under conditions prescribed by test method ASTM D97. The pour point is 3°C (5°F) above the temperature at which the oil in a test vessel shows no movement when the container is held horizontally for five seconds. Pour point is lower than wax appearance point or cloud point. It is an indicator of the ability of an oil or distillate fuel to flow at cold operating temperatures.Ring Land
This is the area on the surface of the piston that is between either the top of the piston and first ring groove or between two adjacent ring grooves.Ring Sticking
Ring sticking is freezing of a piston ring in its groove, in a piston engine or reciprocating compressor, due to heavy deposits in the piston ring zone. This prevents proper action of the ring and tends to increase blow-by into the crankcase and to increase oil consumption by permitting oil to flow past the ring zone into the combustion chamber. See Engine Deposits.SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)
The Society of Automotive Engineers reviews the total automotive engine and lubricant situation and defines the requirement for new oil specifications.SAE Oil Viscosity Classification
Because of the important effects of oil viscosity the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has developed a system for classifying lubricating oils in terms of viscosity only; no other physical or performance characteristics are considered.The viscosity numbers without the letter W are based upon 210°F viscosities. Viscosity at that temperature correlates with oil consumption and other oil performance characteristics influenced by viscosity at normal engine operating temperatures. The viscosity numbers with the letter W are based on 0°F viscosities.The 0°F viscosities for W-numbered oils were selected because they correlate with the cranking characteristics of motor oils in the average automobile