PUSHROD- 2607597 - Caterpillar

Water
Never use water alone without Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA's) or inhibited coolant. Water alone is corrosive at engine operating temperatures and does not provide adequate boil protection.
Distilled water or deionized water is recommended for use in cooling systems. Do not use hard tap water or salt softened tap water in engine cooling systems. If distilled water or deionized water is not available, use water that meets the minimum requirements that are listed in the following table.
Table 1
Caterpillar Recommended Water Quality Limits    
Water Property     PPM
mg per liter
Max     grains/US gal Max    
Chloride (1) (Cl)     40     2.4    
Sulfate (2) (SO4)     100     5.9    
Total Water Hardness (3)     170     10    
Total Solids (4)     340     20    
Acidity (5)     5.5 pH to 9.0 pH    
( 1 ) See "ASTM D512b", "ASTM D512d" or"ASTM D4327".
( 2 ) See "ASTM D516b"or "ASTM D516d".
( 3 ) See "ASTM D1126".
( 4 ) See "ASTM D1888a".
( 5 ) See "ASTM D1293".For a water analysis, consult one of the following organizations:
The Caterpillar Laboratory for an S O S Analysis
The LOCC Corporation
Local water department
Agricultural agent
Independent laboratoryAdditives
Coolant additives help in the following ways:
Preventing rust from forming
Preventing scale and mineral deposits from forming
Protecting metals from corroding
Preventing cavitation of the liner
Preventing coolant from foamingMany additives are depleted during engine operation and these additives need to be replaced. This can be done through the addition of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCA) to Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) or by adding Extender to Extended Life Coolant (ELC).Additives must be added at the proper concentration. Overconcentration of additives can cause the inhibitors to drop out-of-solution. This can cause a gel compound to form in the radiator. An overconcentration of additives can produce deposits on water pump seals that can cause water pump seal leakage. A low concentration of additives can produce the following problems:
Pitting
Cavitation erosion
Rust
Scale
FoamingGlycol
Glycol in the coolant provides anti-boil protection and freeze protection. Glycol in the coolant prevents water pump cavitation. Glycol in the coolant also reduces cylinder liner pitting. For optimum performance, Caterpillar recommends a solution that contains a 1:1 mixture of water and of glycol.Note: Caterpillar engines with air-to-air aftercooling require a minimum of 30 percent glycol in order to prevent water pump cavitation.Most conventional heavy-duty coolant/antifreezes use ethylene glycol. Propylene glycol may also be used. In a mixture that is 50 percent water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol have similar properties that are relative to the following elements: heat transfer, freeze protection, control of corrosion and compatibility of the seal. Check the glycol level of the coolant system with the 1U-7298 Coolant Tester Group (°C) or with the 1U-7297 Coolant Tester Group (°F). Tables 2 and 3 define the freeze protection for ethylene glycol and for propylene glycol.
Table 2
Ethylene Glycol    
Concentration     Freeze Protection