ROLLER & SHAFT ASSEM. 1M3824 - Caterpillar

Turbocharger
A turbocharger increases the temperature and the density of the air that is sent to the engine cylinder. This condition causes a lower temperature of ignition to develop earlier in the compression stroke. The compression stroke is also timed in a more accurate way with the fuel injection. Surplus air lowers the temperature of combustion. This surplus air also provides internal cooling.A turbocharger improves the following aspects of engine performance:
Power output is increased.
Engine torque is increased.
Engine efficiency is increased.
Illustration 1 g00302786
Components of a turbocharger (typical example)
(1) Air intake
(2) Compressor housing
(3) Compressor wheel
(4) Bearing
(5) Oil inlet port
(6) Bearing
(7) Turbine housing
(8) Turbine wheel
(9) Exhaust outlet
(10) Oil outlet port
(11) Exhaust inletA turbocharger is installed between the exhaust and intake manifolds. The turbocharger is driven by exhaust gases which flow through the exhaust inlet (11). The energy of the exhaust gas turns the turbine wheel (8). Then, the exhaust gas flows out of the turbine housing (7) through the exhaust outlet (9).Turbine wheel (8) and compressor wheel (3) are installed on the same shaft. Therefore, turbine wheel (8) and compressor wheel (3) rotate at the same rpm. The compressor wheel is enclosed by compressor housing (2). The compressor wheel compresses the intake air. The intake air flows into the engine cylinders through the inlet valves of the cylinders.The oil from the main gallery of the cylinder block flows through the oil inlet port (5) to lubricate the turbocharger bearings (4) and (6). The pressurized oil passes through the bearing housing of the turbocharger. The oil is returned through the oil outlet port (10) to the oil pan.The turbocharger has a wastegate. The wastegate is controlled by the boost pressure. This allows some of the exhaust gases to bypass the turbine wheel at higher engine speeds. The wastegate is a type of flapper valve that automatically opens at a preset level of boost pressure to allow exhaust gas to flow around the turbine. The wastegate allows the design of the turbocharger to be more effective at lower engine speeds.NOx Reduction System (NRS)
Illustration 2 g03789285
Typical example
The NOx Reduction System (NRS) operates with the transfer of the hot exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold to the exhaust gas cooler (3). The hot exhaust gas is cooled in the exhaust gas cooler. The now cooled exhaust gas passes through to an electronic controlled valve (1). The electronically controlled valve is electronically actuated. The valve is controlled by the Electronic Control Module (ECM).The inlet gas throttle valve (if equipped) (2) is controlled by the Electronic Control Module (ECM).The butterfly valve that is located in the exhaust gas valve (NRS) has one main function. The main function is to prevent the reverse flow of charge air from the inlet side of the engine to the exhaust side of the engine.The electronically controlled valve (1) opens to allow the flow of cooled exhaust gas from the exhaust gas cooler (3) to mix with the air flow from the inlet. The mixing of the cooled exhaust gas and the air flow from